Amanani amaRoma ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1000

Okwangoku uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa inkqubo ye Amanani esiArabhu ngokuba lula. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha yayihlukile. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo Ubukhosi baseRoma ilawula imimandla emikhulu kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Ngobuchule bakhe obukhulu wasasaza intanda-bulumko yakhe nolwazi kuyo yonke indawo, esazisa Amanani amaRoma. 

Esi sikhokelo sijolise kukufundisa le nkqubo yokubala, esasetyenziswa kwezinye izinto (njengakwimiboniso bhanyabhanya: Iinkwenkwezi iimfazwe IV, V, VI), kwaye ikucacisele yona ukuze ufunde ngokulula. Okokuqala, ukuba sele uyayazi ithiyori kwaye into oyifunayo kukusebenzisa isiguquli, ungayisebenzisa le ilapha:

Umguquleli wamanani aseRoma (isiguquli)

Ziziphi iinombolo zamaRoma?

Amanani amaRoma yinkqubo enqabileyo esetyenziswayo namhlanje. Zenziwe oonobumba abakhulu ukumela amanani. Umdibaniso wezi leta uyongezwa okanye uthabathe ukuthabathela indawo inani elahlukileyo. Zonke iileta ezisetyenzisiweyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Ndi = 1
• V=5
• X = 10
• L = 50
• C=100
• D=500
• M = 1000

Umzekelo, inombolo 1 imelwe ngu unobumba u " kwaye ezi zimbini ngokusebenzisa isixa se 2 "II". Nje ukuba ezi zinto zilinganayo ziqondwe, apha ngezantsi siza kuchaza indlela yokubhala amanani amaRoma.

Abhalwa njani amanani aseRoma?

Ukubhala amanani amaRoma kufuneka uwazi kakuhle ukudibanisa nokuthabatha. Zonke izinto yimithetho elula esiza kukubonisa yona. Ukuqala kufuneka uyazi loo nto akunakubakho ngaphezu kweeleta ezintathu ezilinganayo ngokulandelelana.

Ukuba oonobumba ababini bayalingana, okanye owokuqala mkhulu kunowesibini, yidibanise, Ngaphandle koko (apho ileta yokuqala ingaphantsi kweyesibini), zithathiwe. Umzekelo:

• Ndi = 1
• II = 1 + 1 = 2
• II = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
• VII = 5 + 1 +1 = 7
• IV = 5 - 1 = 4
• IX = 10 - 1 = 9
• XIX = 10 + 10 - 1 = 19

Kwimeko apho ufuna ukusebenzisa inani elilinganayo okanye elingaphezulu kwama-4, kuya kufuneka ubeke umgca, obiziweyo vincum, phezulu koonobumba. Oku kuyakuthetha ukuba inani liphindaphindwa nge-1 000. Umzekelo, i I-4.000 kumanani amaRoma imelwe ngoluhlobo:

Inani 10.000 imelwe ngoluhlobo:

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, enye inokuba yinkimbinkimbi, I-50.000 kumanani amaRoma ibhaliwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, inani elikhulu kakhulu belingafuneki, njenge izigidi. Kwaye amaRoma ayengakhathali. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uzibhale ngokubeka umgca ongezantsi nangaphezulu koonobumba. Ngale ndlela, ukuba sifuna ukubhekisa kwi-5, sisebenzisa le fomathi:

Inani u-5 (V) kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwalo, 50 no-500 (L, D), azinakusetyenziselwa ukuthabatha. Akulunganga ukubhala "VC" ukubhekisa kwi inombolo ye95.

Ifom echanekileyo yile: XCV.

Uluhlu lwamanani amaRoma

Kuba unombono wokuba ungawabhala njani amanani amaRoma, kulunge ukuba ubone uluhlu olupheleleyo kunye amanani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1000, kunye nolunye uthotho lwamanani aphezulu. Ngale ndlela uya kuba nolwazi ngakumbi kwaye uya kubaqonda ngcono.

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-50

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-100

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-500

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1000

ukusuka kwi-1 000 ukubheka phambili

Kuluhlu oludlulileyo sifikelele kwinani le-1.000, elimelwe ngu-M. Apha ngezantsi sinika amanye amanani aphezulu anokuba nomdla kuwe.

• 1: M
• 1: MVII
• 1: MLXXV
• 2: M
• 2: MMXIX
• 3: MMM
• 3 823: MMMDCCCXXIII
• 3 901: MMMCMI
• I-4 001: IVI
• I-5 954: VI-CMLIV

Sibeka iinombolo ezingahleliwe kuba sijonga ukuba amanani onke aya kuba ayimfuneko kwaye ayisebenzi.  Bajonge kwaye ubone ukuba loluphi ulwakhiwo esilusebenzisayo ukubhala, kwaye kungcono, uze nenye indlela yokumela inani elifanayo. Emva koko siza kukuxelela ukuba kutheni banokubhalwa kuphela ngaloo ndlela. Olu lwazi luya kukunceda kakhulu.

Imithetho yamanani aseRoma

Kuyavunywa, ukusebenza kwezibalo ngamanani amaRoma kuyinto enzima, eneneni yenye yazo izizathu Kutheni le nkqubo yokubala ilahlekile? Indlela yokusombulula le misebenzi iquka ukulandela amanyathelo athile, njengoko kunjalo ngamanani ama-Arabhu, nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ngamanani amaRoma Kude.

Apha siza kuchaza indlela dibanisa, thabatha, phindaphinda kwaye hlukanisa ngamanani eroma yakudala.

Sum

Ukongeza amanani amabini amaRoma kufuneka ulandele la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Guqula ukukhutshwa kube zizongezo. Umzekelo: ukusuka kwi-XXIX (29) ukuya kwi-XXVIIII. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba ileta iyaphindaphindwa ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-3.
2. Qinisekisa (Joyina) amanani omabini. Umzekelo: XXIX + XIV = XXVIIII + XIIII = XXVIIIIXIIII (apha siyazidibanisa).
3. Cwangcisa oonobumba ukusuka kwelona likhulu ukuya kwelona lisezantsi. Umzekelo: XXVIIIIXIIII = XXXVIIIIIIII.
4. Oko kukuthi, bhala ngokuchanekileyo iileta ezongeza ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo. Umzekelo: XXXVVIII.
5. Phinda inkqubo ngokulandela imigaqo esiyichazileyo ide ifezeke. Umzekelo: XXXVVIII → XXXXIII → XLIII.

Ukuthabatha

Ukuthabatha kulula kunokongeza. Ukuyiphumeza, landela la manyathelo alandelayo.

1. Guqula ukukhutshwa kube zizongezo. Umzekelo: ukusuka kwiCCXLI (241) ukuya kwiCCXXXXI. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba ileta iyaphindaphindwa ngaphezu kwamaxesha ama-3.
2. Susa oonobumba abaqhelekileyo phakathi kwamanani amabini. Umzekelo: CCXLI - LXXXV = CCXXXXI-LXXXV = CCXI-LV.
3. Yandisa oonobumba bekota yokuqala de kuvele oonobumba bekota yesibini. Umzekelo: CCXI - LV = CLLXI - L
4. Phinda amanyathelo 2 kunye 3 kude kube kwikota yesibini ingenanto. Umzekelo: CLLXI - LV = CLXI - V = CLVVNdi - V =
5. Oko kukuthi, bhala oonobumba ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo: CLVI = 156. Kule meko ihlala injalo kuba akukho bumba bathabathayo.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuphindaphinda amanani amaRoma kufuneka uyazi dibanisa, uze wahlule kwaye uphinde amanani ama-Arabhu ngo-2.  Kuya kufuneka wenze itafile, ubeke inani lamaRoma ngasekunene nelinye ngasekhohlo. Emva koko landela amanyathelo alandelayo.

Siza kubhekisa kuyo "TO" njengamanani asekhohlo sele "B" njengasekunene.

1. Yahlula-hlula ngo-2 kwaye ubeke i-quotient engezantsi. Umzekelo: 23/2 = 11.
2. Phindaphinda u-B ngo-2 kwaye ubeke iziphumo apha ngezantsi.
3. Phinda amanyathelo 1 kunye no-2 de ikholamu yasekhohlo (ikota A) inombolo 1.
4. Susa kwitafile yonke imigca apho i-quotient ekhohlo ikhoyo.
5. Dibanisa onke amanani ashiyekileyo kwikholam yasekunene (kwikota B).

Jonga umzekelo wendlela onokuphindaphinda ngayo amanani amabini amaRoma.

• A = LXXVII = 77
• I-XXXVIII (38)
• IXIX (19)
• ix (9)
• IV (4)
• II (2)
• Ndi (1)
• B = XXXVIII = 38
• I-LXXVI (76)
• I-CLII (152)
• ICCCC (304)
• ADVIII (608)
• I-MCCXVI (1216)
• I-MMCDXXXII (2432)

Ngoku sicima yonke imiqolo apho kwicala lasekhohlo kukho inani elilinganayo.

• I-LXXVII (77)
• IXIX (19)
• ix (9)
• Ndi (1)
• I-XXXVIII (38)
• I-CLII (152)
• ICCCC (304)
• I-MMCDXXXII (2432)

Ngoku kufuneka songeze amanani kwicala lasekunene njengoko sele senzile.

• I-XXXVIII + CLII + CCCIV + MMCDXXXII
• I-XXXVIII + CLII + CCCIII +MMCCCCXXXII (Guqula ukukhutshwa kwi izibalo)
• XXXVIIICLIICCCIIIIMMCCCCXXXII (beka amanani ndawonye)
• MMCCCCCCCCLXXXXXXIIIIIIIIIIII (zilungelelanise ukusuka kwelona liphezulu ukuya kwelisezantsi)
• MMDCCCLLXVXI (yenza lula ngokongeza ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo)
• MMDCCCCXXVI (yenza lula ngokongeza ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo)
• MMCMXXVI (iziphumo zokugqibela: 2926)

ICandelo

Amacandelo ngamanani aseRoma khange baphumelele kakhulu, ngaphandle koko akukho mithetho yaziwayo yokususa.

Inye kuphela into eyaziwayo kukuba kufuneka uthabathe isahluli kwisahlulo ude ufike kwinani elingaphantsi kwesihluli. Umzekelo: 10/3 Apha isahlulo sili-10 kwaye isahlulelo si-3.

Into ekufuneka uyenzile ukubala ukwahlulahlulwa kwamanani amaRoma zezi zilandelayo:

• 10 - 3 = 7
• 7 - 3 = 4
• 4 - 3 = 1

Intsalela yi-1 kwaye i-quotient ngu-3 (kuba sithabathe amaxesha ama-3). Ke impendulo ngu-3, ​​nangona kunjalo, ayisiyonyani ngokupheleleyo, kuba 10/3 = 3,33333 ...

Kuya kufuneka wenze le nkqubo inye ngonobumba baseRoma kwaye uya kufumana iziphumo kuloo nkqubo yamanani. Ukuze ucace malunga nolwazi, siza kukubonisa izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo malunga nala manani. Siqinisekile ukuba ngale ndlela uya kubaqonda ngokupheleleyo.

1. Amanani amaRoma zinexabiso eliqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, bekungazukuchaneka ukuthi “VIII. IMidlalo yeOlimpiki ». Into echanekileyo yile: VIII Imidlalo yeOlimpiki.
2. Oonobumba "V, D kunye L" aziphindaphindwa. Kukho abanye oonobumba ukumela loo manani, umzekelo, endaweni yokubhala i-LL, eya kuba li-100, unobumba C uyasetyenziswa.
3. Inani u-zero (0) alikho kumanani amaRoma. Ukubhekisa kwinani abalisebenzisileyo eli binzana nulla, nihil okanye unobumba uN.
4. Isimboli ndiyakwazi ukukhupha kuphela kwi-V ne-X.
5. Isimboli X inokuthabatha kuphela ku-L no-C.
6. Isimboli C inokukhupha kuphela uD kunye noM.
7. Okukuphela kwendawo yokubhala iileta zamanani amaRoma kwi isikhululo esincinci kukwakha uluhlu lwezinto.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanani amaRoma kunqabile, nangona ukufunda kubalulekile. Uya kuhlala uzibona zibhaliwe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ngokulandelelana koopopu, abalawuli, iinkosana okanye ookumkani abanegama elifanayo (uHenry VIII waseNgilani).
• Ukunika igama iinkulungwane (iXNUMXth century).
• Ukwenza inani levolumu okanye izahluko zencwadi okanye yemovie (Isahluko I).
• Ukubala inani leminyhadala ebanjwa ngamaxesha athile (IV IV Hunting Games).
• Ukuthiya iidynasties zeenkcubeko ezithile (ubukhosi beXVI Qing).

Imihla kumanani aseRoma

Ukubhala imihla ngamanani amaRoma kulula ngokwenene. Konke okufuneka ukwenze ukwahlula umhla ube ngamaqela amancinci kwaye uguqulele kumanani amaRoma. Umzekelo, ukuba sifuna ukuguqula umhla we-01-02-2018, okanye yintoni enye, 1 Februwari we2018. Kuqala siguqula usuku, 1, ibiya kuba ndim, emva koko siguqule inyanga, 2, eya kuba ngu-II, kwaye ekugqibeleni siguqule unyaka, 2018, obuya kuba yi-MMXVIII.

Emva koko siphinda sihlele iqela ngalinye kwifomathi yesiko: I-II-MMXVIII. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nale nkqubo, ungasishiya nezimvo ekupheleni kwenqaku.

Indlela yokubeka amanani aseRoma kwiLizwi?

Uninzi lwenu lusibuze lo mbuzo kwaye siza kuzama ukuwuphendula ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo. Okokuqala, ukuba ufuna ukubhala amanani amaRoma kumqhubekekisi wamagama weLizwi, kuya kufuneka ubhale unobumba u-I ngonobumba omkhulu. Ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1 onke amanani anokumelwa ngoonobumba esihlala sisebenzisa. Ukuba ufuna ukubhala inani elikhulu, njenge-4000, kuya kufuneka usebenzise indlela ivincum njengoko sele sithethile, esinokukufikelela ngokulandela la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Okokuqala sicofa Faka -> ubalo olutsha.
2. Emva koko sijonga ukhetho lweAccent kwaye sikhethe ibar enye ngasentla.
3. Esiza kuba nayo into enje kuxwebhu lwethu lweLizwi:
4. Okokugqibela, ngaphakathi kwesikwere sibhala nantoni na esifuna ukuba nayo i-vinculum. Umzekelo, kwinombolo 5002 singaba nayo:

Ilungile! Sele sowukwazi ukubhala amanani aseRoma kwiLizwi. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ufuna uluhlu ukusebenzisa amanani aseRoma endaweni yamanani aqhelekileyo, olu khetho lulandelayo luyasetyenziswa:

Ngapha koko, ukuba unemibuzo ungasishiya nezimvo zingezantsi kwaye siza kuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuzivocavoca