IMars: UThixo weMfazwe kwiMythology yamaRoma

UMars, uthixo wemfazwe kwiintsomi zamaRoma, sesinye sezona zithixo zibalulekileyo kwi-pantheon yeRoma yaMandulo. Umzobo wakhe unxulunyaniswa nemfazwe, ukukhuselwa kwesixeko kwaye, kwezinye izithethe, kunye nezolimo. Ngokungafaniyo nogxa wakhe ongumGrike uAres, uMars wayegqalwa njengothixo oqiqayo ngakumbi, onxulumene kungekuphela nje kungquzulwano kodwa nasekukhuleni koBukhosi baseRoma. Ubukho bawo babunabela kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bamaRoma, ukususela kunqulo ukusa kwisakhiwo somkhosi.

Eli nqaku lijonge kumfanekiso kaMars, ijongana nemvelaphi yayo, eyona ntsomi imeleyo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kwinkcubeko yamaRoma. Siza kuphonononga iminyhadala ngembeko yakhe, ubudlelwane bakhe noVenus kunye nendima ebalulekileyo ayidlalileyo ekusekweni kweRoma. Ukwazi undoqo we-Mars kukuqonda esinye seziseko zeengcamango apho umkhosi omkhulu kunye namandla enkcubeko yoBukhosi baseRoma bakhelwa phezu kwayo.

Imvelaphi kunye nokuzalwa kukaMars

UMars wayengunyana ka Jupiter kunye noJuno, nangona ezinye iinguqulelo zibonisa ukuba uJuno wamkhawula ngaphandle kokungenelela kwamadoda. Kuthiwa wasebenzisa intyatyambo yomlingo enikezwe nguFlora, eyavumela ukukhulelwa kwakhe ngaphandle kwesidingo somanyano kunye noJupiter. Eli bali libaliswa nguOvid emsebenzini wakhe Ukuzila ukutya, kwaye yomeleza unxibelelwano lukaMars nokuchuma kunye nendalo.

Lo thixo wakhuliswa waza wafundiswa ziiTitans, ezafaka kuye ubugcisa bokulwa nemfazwe. Ukukhuliswa kwakhe kwindawo enzima kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kunye nabalawuli bamandulo behlabathi benza uMars a ingcali yokulwa kunye nomphathi, iimpawu ezayinika indima ebalulekileyo kwimfazwe kunye nokukhuselwa kweRoma.

Mars kunye nokusekwa kweRoma

Enye yezona ntsomi zibalulekileyo apho iMars idlala indima ebalulekileyo yile ukusekwa kweRoma. Ngokutsho kwembali, uMars wazala uRomulus noRemus kunye noRhea Silvia, umfundisikazi waseVestal. Uthixo, ethe phithi ngulo mfazi uselula, wakwazi ukummithisa kwaye kulo manyano kwazalwa amawele athi, emva kokulahlwa nokuncanciswa yingcuka, aya kufumana isixeko saseRoma.

Eli bali aliqinisekisi nje ukubaluleka kweMars ngaphakathi kwintsomi yamaRoma, kodwa limenza abe nguye ubawo womfuziselo wabantu baseRoma. IRoma, ubukhosi obakhiwe ngemfazwe kunye nokoyisa, yayinoMars njengomkhuseli kunye nomkhokeli wayo omkhulu.

IMars kunye nobudlelwane bayo kunye neVenus

Esinye sezona ziqendu zidumileyo zentsomi yamaRoma luthando lothando phakathi kweMars kunye Venus, uthixokazi wothando nobuhle. UVenus, umfazi kaVulcan, wawela kwiingalo zothixo wemfazwe, nto leyo eyabangela ihlazo elikhulu kwi-Olympus. UVulcan, xa wafunda ngokukrexeza, wayila umgibe ukuze aveze abathandi kwabanye oothixo.

Kobu budlelwane kwazalwa amanani amabini abameli bemfazwe: Baleka naseTimor, izithixo zoloyiko noloyiko ekulweni. Ngale ntsomi, amaRoma adibanisa imfazwe kungekuphela nje ngeqhinga namandla, kodwa kunye inkanuko kunye nomnqweno.

Iminyhadala kunye nemisitho yokuhlonipha iMars

UMars wayengomnye wezithixo ezihlonelwa kakhulu eRoma, kwaye imithendeleko emininzi yayibhiyozelwa ngokumhlonela, ngakumbi ngoMatshi nango-Oktobha, iinyanga eziphambili zamaphulo omkhosi. Phakathi kwezona zithethe zibalulekileyo zezi:

• Equirria: Yayibhiyozelwa ngoFebruwari 27 nangoMatshi 14, yayiquka imidyarho yamahashe yokuzukisa uthixo.
• Agonalia: Lenzeka ngoMatshi 17 yaye yayiquka amadini ezilwanyana ukuze kukhuselwe uMars.
• Ihashe likaOktobha: Esi sithethe sasibhiyozelwa ngo-Oktobha 15 kwaye sasibandakanya umbingelelo wehashe ngokuhlonipha kwakhe emva kogqatso lweenqwelo zokulwa kwi-Field of Mars.
• I-Armilustrium: Yenzeka ngo-Oktobha 19 yaye yayiquka izixhobo zokucoca ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe ebusika.

Le mithendeleko ibonisa Ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bukaMars kunye nemfazwe nokukhuselwa kweRoma, ebonisa indlela ihlelo lakhe elalinxibelelene ngayo nekhalenda yomkhosi neyonqulo yeso sixeko.

Umfanekiso weMars

IMars yayidla ngokumelwa njenge igorha elinamandla, exhobe ngomkhonto nesigcina-ntloko. Kwizihlandlo ezininzi, waboniswa nezilwanyana zakhe ezimbini ezingcwele: i ingcuka, ngokubhekisele kwingcuka eyayinyamekela uRomulus noRemus, kunye ne umthi womthi, abathi ngokutsho kwesithethe, nabo bancedisa ekondleni amawele.

Lo thixo wayedla ngokubonakala kwiingqekembe zelo xesha, kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo nakwimikrolo yasetempileni, ekrwelela ukubaluleka kwakhe kubuRoma. Ngaphakathi kwiForam ka-Agasto, i Itempile kaMarsu Ultor, apho kwakuhlawulwa uthixo njengomphindezeli weRoma.

Amagama kunye neempawu zikaMars

Kubo bonke uBukhosi baseRoma, iMars yafumana izihloko ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-epithets ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo apho wayecelwa khona:

• Mars Ultor: "Umphindezeli", isihloko esanikwa nguAgasto emva kokubuyisela imigangatho yamaRoma.
• Mars Gradivus: Inxulunyaniswa nokumatsha kwemikhosi.
• UMars Quirinus: Kwindima yakhe njengomkhuseli wabemi baseRoma.

Ezi nkalo zibalaselisa ukuba uMars wayengenguye nje uthixo wemfazwe, kodwa uthixo onomoya impembelelo ebanzi kwezopolitiko, unqulo nenkcubeko yamaRoma.

Inkolo kaMars yayiyintsika ebalulekileyo yesazisi saseRoma, ebandakanya amaxabiso uqeqesho, inkalipho kunye noloyiso lomkhosi. Ilifa layo lihlala likhona kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona, ukusuka kwigama leplanethi iMars ukuya kumagama athi "imfazwe," enxulumene nemfazwe namandla.